What significant naval battle was characterized as the first fought entirely by air?

The Battle of Coral Sea is recognized as the first major naval engagement where aircraft from opposing ships fought without direct ship-to-ship combat. This battle, fought in May 1942 between American and Japanese forces, was pivotal in demonstrating the strategic importance of aircraft carriers and airpower in naval warfare.

Throughout the engagement, planes launched from aircraft carriers were the primary means of attack, targeting enemy ships and providing reconnaissance. The absence of traditional battleship engagements marked a significant evolution in naval tactics, highlighting the shifting nature of warfare during World War II. This battle set the stage for future engagements, emphasizing the crucial role of air superiority in naval operations. As such, the Battle of Coral Sea is often cited as a turning point in naval history due to its innovative reliance on air power.